ACL Injuries: Are They More Common in Female Athletes?
By Dr. Robert Waskowitz, Orthopedic Surgeon and Sports Medicine Specialist at Orthopedic Associates of Hartford
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur when the knee joint experiences a sudden force, often during quick stops, pivots, or sudden changes in direction. ACL injuries are commonly accompanied by a popping sensation, followed by swelling, pain, and instability in the knee.
ACL injuries are becoming more common as youth and adolescent sports become increasingly competitive and specialized. Sports with the highest rates of ACL injuries include soccer, basketball, lacrosse, volleyball, cheerleading, and other activities that involve rapid cutting, jumping, and pivoting movements. As participation in youth athletics continues to grow, there has also been increased attention on the higher rate of ACL injuries among female athletes.
Why ACL Injuries Are More Common in Female Athletes
Several factors may contribute to the increased risk of ACL injuries in female athletes, including:
- Female anatomy often includes a wider pelvis, which can place increased stress on the knees
- Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may affect ligament laxity and joint stability
- Female athletes often land from jumps with less knee flexion, placing greater force on the knee joint
There are also several factors contributing to the overall increase in ACL injuries among young athletes, regardless of gender. These include increased competitiveness at younger ages, year-round participation in a single sport with limited recovery time, and decreased cross-training as athletes specialize earlier.
How to Prevent ACL Injuries
While not every ACL injury can be prevented, athletes can reduce their risk by focusing on proper training and conditioning habits, including:
- Warming up before every workout, practice, or game
- Strengthening the quadriceps, hamstrings, and surrounding muscles that support the knee
- Learning proper techniques for planting, cutting, jumping, and pivoting
- Participating in multiple sports or cross-training activities to improve overall muscle development and movement patterns
Think of ACL injury prevention as “pre-habilitation.” By strengthening the muscles around the knee and practicing proper movement mechanics before an injury occurs, athletes can help reduce stress on the joint and lower their risk of injury.
What Happens When an ACL is Injured?
- X-rays and MRI imaging may be used to evaluate the extent of the injury
- If surgery is necessary, ACL reconstruction is typically an outpatient procedure that takes about an hour
- Recovery is critical to long-term joint health and can take anywhere from six months to one year
Because ACL recovery often keeps athletes away from sports and activities for an extended period, the injury can also have a significant mental and emotional impact. Despite this, it is important not to rush the recovery process. Following physical therapy goals and allowing the knee to fully heal can help reduce the risk of future complications.
After an ACL injury, athletes may also face a higher risk of damage to other parts of the knee, including the meniscus, cartilage, or surrounding ligaments.
When to Seek Help
If you or someone you know experiences knee pain, swelling, or a popping sensation, seek medical attention as soon as possible. ACL injuries should be evaluated quickly because an ACL-injured knee is often unstable and vulnerable to further damage.
At OAH, Dr. Waskowitz works with athletes of all ages to diagnose ACL injuries and develop personalized treatment plans to support a safe recovery and return to play. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Waskowitz, call his practice at 860-612-6830 or visit his webpage. Online appointment scheduling is also available.
Additional Resources
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